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Second only to Emperor Penguins in size, King Penguins are distinguished by their ear patches of bright golden-orange feathers

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They breed on seven sub-Antarctic island groups, with large populations on the Falkland Islands, Macquarie Islands, Heard Island, Iles Crozet and Marion island

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There is a total population of over two million breeding pairs

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Global warming is happening much more quickly in some parts of the frozen continent, particularly the north-west area known as the Antarctic Peninsula, where in the last 50 years temperatures have risen by about 2.5ºC - as much as five times the world average

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However, these penguins, which do not live near the peninsula, are feeling the effects of a warming of sub polar sea surface temperatures

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The birds feed on small fish and squid, and scientists suggest that these species are suffering as a result of warming of the Southern Ocean

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Higher sea surface temperatures diminish the amount of available marine prey, which could decrease the survival of adult King Penguins since they have to travel greater distances to find food

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Scientists calculate that there will be a nine percent decline in the adult penguin population for every 0.26°C of sea surface warming

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Scientists conclude that there is a “heavy extinction risk” given current predictions of a 0.4 deg rise over two decades

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